{"id":370,"date":"2016-03-15T15:16:00","date_gmt":"2016-03-15T15:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/?p=370"},"modified":"2021-01-20T15:34:15","modified_gmt":"2021-01-20T14:34:15","slug":"escarificacion-y-estratificacion-de-semillas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/escarificacion-y-estratificacion-de-semillas\/","title":{"rendered":"Escarificaci\u00f3n y estratificaci\u00f3n de semillas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las semillas tienen un m\u00e9todo natural para que la germinaci\u00f3n no se produzca hasta que las condiciones sean adecuadas. La naturaleza ha provisto a las semillas de cubiertas que las protegen de las inclemencias hasta que llegue la \u00e9poca adecuada, esto les permite resistir temperaturas extremas, humedad, fricciones, digestiones animales\u2026 Tambi\u00e9n las ha provisto de inhibidores qu\u00edmicos, como algunas fitohormonas, que impiden o retrasan la germinaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Artificialmente podemos romper el letargo de las semillas mediante diferentes procesos, unos m\u00e1s largos que otros, y que se inicie la germinaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/estratificar.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/estratificar-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"estratificar\" class=\"wp-image-2625\" srcset=\"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/estratificar-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/estratificar-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/estratificar-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/estratificar-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/estratificar.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_9cdb8b-3f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_9cdb8b-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_9cdb8b-3f\"]{padding-top:25px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_9cdb8b-3f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_9cdb8b-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_9cdb8b-3f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_9cdb8b-3f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_9cdb8b-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_9cdb8b-3f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading_9cdb8b-3f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_9cdb8b-3f\"><strong>Escarificaci\u00f3n de semillas<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se trata de abrasar la cubierta de la semilla (tegumento) para permitir que la humedad y el aire entre en contacto con el embri\u00f3n y active el proceso de germinaci\u00f3n. La escarificaci\u00f3n puede ser f\u00edsica-mec\u00e1nica: por ejemplo, lijando la superficie, haciendo peque\u00f1os cortes o fracturando la cubierta, teniendo cuidado de no da\u00f1ar el interior de la semilla; o mediante productos qu\u00edmicos como \u00e1cidos o inmersi\u00f3n en agua.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_f60d2d-04, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_f60d2d-04[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_f60d2d-04\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_f60d2d-04 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_f60d2d-04[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_f60d2d-04\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_f60d2d-04 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_f60d2d-04[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_f60d2d-04\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading_f60d2d-04 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_f60d2d-04\"><strong>Hidrataci\u00f3n (remojado de semillas)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La inmersi\u00f3n en agua permite reblandecer la capa m\u00e1s externa y en algunos casos disolver y eliminar sustancias inhibidoras de la germinaci\u00f3n. El tiempo var\u00eda en torno a las 24 horas y la temperatura habitual es la del interior de una casa.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_31f6cd-63, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_31f6cd-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_31f6cd-63\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_31f6cd-63 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_31f6cd-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_31f6cd-63\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_31f6cd-63 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_31f6cd-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_31f6cd-63\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading_31f6cd-63 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_31f6cd-63\"><strong>Estratificaci\u00f3n de semillas en fr\u00edo<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este proceso simula el paso del invierno en la semilla, se trata de introducir las semillas en un recipiente que contenga un sustrato h\u00famedo, como turba, vermiculita, arena, fibra de coco\u2026 preferiblemente desinfectado. Como recipiente puede servir una fiambrera o una bolsa de pl\u00e1stico herm\u00e9tica, y la introduciremos en el frigor\u00edfico. En cuanto a la temperatura del frigor\u00edfico algunos autores sugieren 1-5\u00baC, otros 3-8\u00baC, aunque realmente depende de la especie en cuesti\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Es recomendable rociar las semillas con un desinfectante natural para impedir el crecimiento de microorganismos indeseados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cada cierto tiempo revisaremos las semillas para comprobar si han empezado a germinar.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_25fd20-3f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_25fd20-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_25fd20-3f\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_25fd20-3f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_25fd20-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_25fd20-3f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_25fd20-3f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_25fd20-3f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_25fd20-3f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading_25fd20-3f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_25fd20-3f\"><strong>Estratificaci\u00f3n de semillas en caliente<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este proceso simula el paso de la primavera y el verano en la semilla. Se preparan las semillas de la misma forma que antes, pero en lugar de introducirlas en la nevera, las mantendremos a una temperatura elevada, la adecuada que se indique para cada tipo de semilla, por lo general entre 20 y 25\u00baC.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_4a96fe-85, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_4a96fe-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_4a96fe-85\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_4a96fe-85 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_4a96fe-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_4a96fe-85\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_4a96fe-85 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_4a96fe-85[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_4a96fe-85\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading_4a96fe-85 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_4a96fe-85\"><strong>Estratificaci\u00f3n de semillas en caliente y en fr\u00edo<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Algunas especies requieren los dos tipos de estratificaci\u00f3n. Por ejemplo, el Cardamomo negro (<em>Amomum subulatum<\/em>) necesita de un periodo de estratificaci\u00f3n en caliente de 4 semanas y un periodo de estratificaci\u00f3n fr\u00edo de 10-12 semanas, en este orden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/arugula-762557_960_720.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/arugula-762557_960_720.jpg\" alt=\"germinacion estratificacion semillas\" class=\"wp-image-371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/arugula-762557_960_720.jpg 960w, https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/arugula-762557_960_720-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ejemplo de algunas especies de \u00e1rboles:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>G\u00e9nero<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Hidrataci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Estratificaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Tiempo<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Abies<\/td><td>12 horas<\/td><td>Fr\u00eda<\/td><td>4 meses (Abies alba)<br>2 meses (Abies nordmanniana)<br>En general 1-4 meses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Acacia<\/td><td>Agua muy caliente + 24 horas a temp. normal, \u00f3 agua caliente 4 horas.<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Siembra directa en oto\u00f1o o primavera<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Acer (Arces)<\/td><td>24 horas<\/td><td>Fr\u00eda<\/td><td>1,5-3 meses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adansonia (Baobab)<\/td><td>Agua muy caliente +&nbsp; 24 horas a temp. normal.<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Siembra directa en oto\u00f1o o primavera<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aesculus<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Fr\u00eda<\/td><td>+1 mes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ailanthus<\/td><td>4 horas<\/td><td>Fr\u00eda (opcional)<\/td><td>2 semanas a 2 meses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Albizia<\/td><td>Agua muy caliente durante segundos + 24h. agua a temp. Normal.<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Siembra directa en oto\u00f1o o primavera<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Arbutus (Madro\u00f1os)<\/td><td>5-6 d\u00edas en agua tibia<\/td><td>Fr\u00eda (opcional)<\/td><td>2 meses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Betula<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Fr\u00eda<\/td><td>1 mes, 3 meses seg\u00fan otros autores (opcional)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Buxus (Boj)<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Fr\u00eda<\/td><td>1-3 meses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cercis<\/td><td>4 horas, 12-24 horas seg\u00fan otros autores.<\/td><td>Fr\u00eda<\/td><td>2-3 meses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Chamaecyparis<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Fr\u00eda<\/td><td>2-3 meses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Diospyros (Kakis)<\/td><td>24 horas<\/td><td>Fr\u00eda (opcional)<\/td><td>1 mes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fraxinus (Fresnos)<\/td><td>&nbsp;No<\/td><td>&nbsp;Caliente (1-3 meses opcional seg\u00fan algunos autores) + Fr\u00eda<\/td><td>&nbsp;2-6 meses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ginkgo<\/td><td>Opcional + Escarificaci\u00f3n<\/td><td>Caliente (10 semanas, opcional seg\u00fan algunos autores) + Fr\u00eda<\/td><td>1 mes-3 meses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Liquidambar<\/td><td>No info<\/td><td>Fr\u00eda<\/td><td>3 meses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Morus (Moreras)<\/td><td>5-6 d\u00edas (opcional)<\/td><td>Fr\u00eda (opcional)<\/td><td>1-3 meses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Picea<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Fr\u00eda<\/td><td>1 mes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Quercus<\/td><td>24-48 horas (opcional)<\/td><td>Fr\u00eda<\/td><td>1-2 meses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zelkova<\/td><td>24 horas<\/td><td>Fr\u00eda<\/td><td>2-3 meses<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>Tiempos de estratificaci\u00f3n semillas<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-container ugb-container ugb-container--width-small ugb-cb65060 ugb-container--v2 ugb-container--design-basic ugb-main-block\"><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-container__wrapper ugb-cb65060-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-container__side\"><div class=\"ugb-container__content-wrapper ugb-cb65060-content-wrapper\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta informaci\u00f3n es meramente orientativa y no vinculante.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"text-align:center\" class=\"wp-block-genesis-blocks-gb-cta gb-block-cta\"><div class=\"gb-cta-image-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"gb-cta-image has-background-dim\" src=\"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/sliderFondo.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><div class=\"gb-cta-content\"><h2 class=\"gb-cta-title gb-font-size-32\" style=\"color:#32373c\">Descubre nuestras semillas y plantas<\/h2><div class=\"gb-cta-text gb-font-size-32\" style=\"color:#32373c\"><p>Semillas ex\u00f3ticas, hort\u00edcolas, plantas de interior y mucho m\u00e1s<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"gb-cta-button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"gb-button gb-button-shape-rounded gb-button-size-medium\" style=\"color:#ffffff;background-color:#81c14b\">Ir a la tienda<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Las semillas tienen un m\u00e9todo natural para que la germinaci\u00f3n no se produzca hasta que las condiciones sean adecuadas. La [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2625,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,28],"tags":[162,206,207,300,301],"class_list":["post-370","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-como-cultivar","category-germinacion","tag-coniferas","tag-escarificacion","tag-estratificacion","tag-estratificar","tag-preparar-semillas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/370","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=370"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/370\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2642,"href":"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/370\/revisions\/2642"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2625"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=370"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=370"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/entresemillas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=370"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}